Press
Israeli investigative journalist, television and radio presenter and political commentator, whose reporting has shaped public debate on government, law, policing, security and accountability in Israel
Dan Margalit's career as a journalist, commentator, and television presenter has left an indelible mark on Israeli media and politics. His diverse experiences, from the Dollar Account scandal to his influential television programs and evolving political perspectives, reflect a career filled with both accomplishment and controversy.
Guy Rolnik's career as a journalist, economist, and media entrepreneur has left a significant mark on Israeli media and economic discourse. While his views have evolved over the years, his commitment to scrutinizing economic power and advocating for greater competition and transparency has earned him both acclaim and controversy. Recognized for his outstanding contributions, Rolnik continues to shape the conversation surround…
Aharon (Ahrale) Barnea, born on July 9, 1944, is an Israeli journalist and television personality who has made significant contributions to Israeli media in the 21st century. He has been a prominent figure in both news broadcasting and the Knesset channel.
Three generations of publishing, editing, and institution-building in Israeli journalism and culture
Pulitzer Prize-winning Jewish-American reporter, editor and columnist who led The New York Times newsroom through the Pentagon Papers, Watergate and a sweeping modernization that reshaped one of the world’s most influential newspapers
Nuni Moses's life and career have been marked by his influential role in Israeli media and the controversies surrounding his editorial choices and business dealings. As a media mogul, he has left a significant footprint on the Israeli media landscape, shaping the trajectory of "Yedioth Ahronoth" and its affiliated publications. His story highlights the complex interplay between media ownership, editorial independence, and the…
American journalist of Jewish heritage and the first woman to serve as executive editor of The New York Times
Mordechai Gilat, born on October 6, 1947, is a prominent Israeli journalist, public corruption investigator, columnist, and communication lecturer, renowned for his extensive career in journalism. He currently serves as a senior correspondent in the Israeli broadcasting corporation. Before this, he spent many years as a journalist at Yedioth Ahronoth and Israel Hayom. In recognition of his contributions to written journalism,…
Raviv Drucker, born on September 11, 1970, is an Israeli journalist, researcher, and publicist. He was awarded the Sokolov Prize for Electronic Media in 2011 and currently serves as the political commentator for Channel 13, as well as hosting the show "HaMakor" (The Source).
Ilanit Dayan-Orbach, born on May 8, 1964, is an Israeli journalist, broadcaster, and investigative reporter holding a Doctor of Laws degree. Her notable journalistic work includes her role as the editor and host of the investigative program "Ovda" (Fact), a position she has held since 1993.
A writer and artist whose restless fiction connected the memory of war with the search for an individual Israeli identity
Political thinker investigating freedom, responsibility and shared public life
The satirist, playwright and filmmaker who gave Israeli society an enduring comic language
Uri Avnery, born on September 10, 1923, and passing away on August 20, 2018, was a prominent Israeli journalist, editor, writer, Member of the Knesset, and a radical leftist activist.
Amir Yitzhak Segal is a prominent Israeli journalist known for his in-depth investigations, political commentary, and contributions to Israeli media. His career has been marked by significant exposés and reporting that have had a substantial impact on Israeli politics and society. Segal continues to play a crucial role in shaping public discourse and providing insights into the political landscape of Israel.
Dov Yudkovsky (March 24, 1923 – December 28, 2010) was an influential Israeli journalist and editor who played a significant role in shaping the landscape of Israeli media. He served as the editor of "Yedioth Ahronoth" for many years, making it one of the most widely circulated newspapers in Israel. Later, he also edited "Maariv." In 2002, he was honored with the Israel Prize for Journalism.
The writer and Holocaust survivor who made personal testimony a lasting call to remembrance and responsibility
Eliezer Fishman, a prominent Israeli businessman, has played a significant role in the country's finance and real estate sectors. This article provides an in-depth look at his life, career, and impact on various industries.
The photographer who made Israeli street life a form of public testimony
An Israeli journalist, columnist and author who chronicled Palestinian life and the human cost of Israeli policy
Beracha Habbas-Hacohen (January 20, 1900 – July 31, 1968) was a renowned Israeli journalist, editor, writer, and educator. She was a founding member of the children's newspaper "Davar L'Yeladim" and a pioneer in book publishing for children. She also authored the first biography of David Ben-Gurion. Habbas-Hacohen was the first female journalist during the early days of Jewish settlement in Israel.
A journalist and biographer whose extensive research examined Ben-Gurion and the decisions behind Israel’s history
The Haredi journalist, writer, and editor who gave Torah-centered Jewish culture a poetic and humane literary voice
Zionist leader, novelist and translator whose legacy joins national renewal, literary culture and the dignity of the individual
A journalist and historian bringing Jewish memory into public life
Self-taught intellectual, author and an influential interpreter of science for the public
Was a Jerusalem-based publicist born in Hungary. He is known for the famous defamation trial brought against him in the case of Israel Kastner, who was a member of the Aid and Rescue Committee in Budapest during the Holocaust. In the trial, following an appeal, Greenwald was sentenced to conditional imprisonment.
Shlomo Nakdimon, born on July 29, 1936, is an Israeli journalist, political commentator, and researcher specializing in the history of Israel's settlement and statehood. He has authored numerous books, including comprehensive research works on events and personalities in Israel's history. He also served as a communication advisor to Prime Minister Menachem Begin.
Berl Katznelson was a significant figure in the early Zionist and labor movements in Israel. He dedicated his life to promoting socialist Zionism, workers' rights, and the development of the Jewish homeland in Palestine. His contributions to the labor movement, his writings, and his leadership in the face of challenging times left a lasting legacy in the history of Israel. Katznelson's commitment to social justice and his vis…
Tom Segev, born on March 1, 1945, is an Israeli journalist and historian, widely regarded as one of the leading figures among the "New Historians" in Israel. He gained recognition for his weekly column in the newspaper "Haaretz."
Jewish-American journalist, columnist and author, three-time Pulitzer Prize winner, and one of the most influential American voices on the Middle East, Israel, globalization, technology and the environment
Jewish American linguist and public intellectual whose ideas transformed the study of language and mind
An Israeli journalist, editor and publicist on Zionism, antisemitism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Israeli society
An Israeli journalist and commentator whose reporting and analysis helped shape the country’s public conversation
Jacob Achimeir's career as a journalist spans decades and has played a significant role in shaping Israeli media. His dedication to journalistic integrity, honesty, and in-depth reporting has not only informed the Israeli public but has also set a high standard for journalistic excellence in the country. As he enters a well-deserved retirement, Jacob Achimeir leaves behind a lasting legacy that highlights the enduring impact…
Gulf War IDF spokesman, architect of Israeli public broadcasting, former Knesset member and Minister of Diaspora Affairs
Yosef (Tommy) Lapid, born as Tomislav Lampel on December 27, 1931, and passing away on June 1, 2008, was a multifaceted Israeli figure, encompassing roles as a writer, journalist, playwright, and politician. He held prominent positions as the leader of the Shinui Party, a member of the Knesset (Israel's parliament), Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Justice, and head of the opposition.
Amira Hass (born June 28, 1956) is an Israeli journalist and columnist known for her work at the newspaper "Haaretz," where she extensively covers the Palestinian Authority and Palestinian society, primarily from her residence in Ramallah.
Ben Caspit, born on October 18, 1960, in Tel Aviv, is a prominent Israeli journalist and political commentator. Throughout his career, he has held various roles in journalism, including serving as the political correspondent for the "Maariv" newspaper, writing opinion columns, hosting television programs, and authoring books. Today, he is a respected political analyst and a senior writer for "Maariv HaShavua" newspaper, as we…
Rotter.net has played a significant role in shaping the landscape of online media in Israel, particularly in user-generated news and discussion. With its diversified content and active forums, it remains a prominent platform for engaging with various aspects of Israeli society and current affairs.
Yedioth Ahronoth, often referred to simply as "Ynet," is a prominent Israeli newspaper that has been in circulation since December 11, 1939. Since the 1970s, it has been the most widely read newspaper in Israel and, until July 2010, it held the top spot among all Israeli newspapers, eventually conceding the lead to "Israel Hayom."
Maariv was an iconic Israeli daily newspaper that graced the country's newsstands from February 15, 1948, until April 2014. Founded by a group of journalists led by Azriel Carlebach, Maariv emerged as a rival to "Yedioth Ahronoth." In the 1950s and 1960s, it enjoyed a dominant position in Israel's media landscape but eventually ceded its place to "Yedioth Ahronoth." For most of the 1990s, it was controlled by a group of share…
A Chronicle of Israeli News and Gossip with Radical Undertones (1937–1993)
Haaretz is a newspaper with a long and storied history, serving as a reflection of Israel's complex and evolving society. From its early days as a modest publication in British Mandate Palestine to its role as a respected source of news and analysis in the modern era, Haaretz has played a vital role in informing and engaging the Israeli public and the international community. Its commitment to journalistic integrity, diverse…
Israel's oldest daily Haredi newspaper and a lasting voice of Agudath Israel and Haredi Jewish life
The Haredi-Lithuanian daily that became a major platform for Torah leadership, communal affairs, and Haredi public life in Israel
Michael (Mickey) Gordos (November 9, 1944 – November 28, 2017) was an Israeli journalist who continuously covered global events by listening to live broadcasts from radio and television stations worldwide.
Carmela Menashe, born in 1949, is an Israeli journalist serving as a military affairs correspondent for the broadcasting corporation "Kan."
Amy Goodman, born on April 13, 1957, is an American journalist, broadcaster, columnist, investigative reporter, and author of Jewish-American heritage.
Jewish-American lawyer, author, radio and television broadcaster, and one of the leading conservative voices in American media and public support for Israel
A Jewish Canadian-American journalist, author, and conservative public intellectual who shaped political debate and Jewish civic engagement
The journalist and military analyst who shaped Israel’s understanding of national security
Shaul Avron was born and raised in Tel Aviv to a father who immigrated from Poland and a mother who immigrated from Russia via Belgium. In his household, he developed a deep appreciation for food and quality ingredients.
Ronan Bergman is an Israeli journalist and author renowned for his comprehensive coverage of national security issues in print journalism, television, and scholarly works. He holds a Doctorate in History from the University of Cambridge.
The Israeli journalist, presenter, editor and singer who brought investigative consumer television into the mainstream
Two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning Jewish American historian who brought rigorous historical storytelling to a worldwide readership
The Jewish-American comedian who turned television satire into a tool for examining power, media and public responsibility
Was one of Israel's leading journalists, serving as the editor of "Maariv" from 1974 to 1980. He was the founder of the journalism program at Tel Aviv University, a recipient of the Sokolov Award for Journalism (1975), and the Israel Prize for Journalism (1986).
Motti Kirshenbaum, born on September 24, 1939, was a multifaceted figure in Israeli media. He was a director, producer, TV host, journalist, satirist, and a prominent figure in Israeli television. His career spanned several decades, during which he made significant contributions to Israeli entertainment and journalism. This documentary-style article will explore the life and accomplishments of Motti Kirshenbaum.
Sheldon Gary Adelson, born in 1933, rose from a humble beginning in Boston to become one of the world's wealthiest individuals, leaving a lasting impact on the global business landscape and the Jewish community.
An independent journalist and social activist who expanded the boundaries of public-interest reporting in Israel
Kariel Gardosh, creator of Srulik and one of Israel’s defining newspaper cartoonists
In the world of humor and satire, one name shines as brightly as a guiding star—Zev, the legendary Jewish caricaturist. Join us on a journey through the life and times of this remarkable artist, whose work has left an indelible mark on Jewish heritage, legacy, and the art of satire.
In the heart of a vibrant Jewish community, one man's passion for preserving Jewish heritage and culture shines brightly. Join us as we explore the life, heritage, and lasting legacy of Raanan Luria, a dedicated guardian of Jewish tradition.
In the world of Jewish literature, one name stands out as a beacon of creativity and a bridge to Jewish heritage. Join us as we embark on a literary journey through the life, heritage, and enduring legacy of Shaul Kenaz, a masterful storyteller.
In the world of literature, there are those whose words transcend the page, touching the very essence of the human experience. Join us as we delve into the extraordinary life, heritage, legacy, and profound contribution to the Jewish community by Amnon Dankner, a literary luminary whose words continue to resonate with readers worldwide.
Painter, writer and satirist whose interplay of image and language helped shape Israeli art and cultural conversation
Israel Prize-winning novelist and editor whose work explored individual lives within Israeli society and the claims of cultural memory
Journalist, author and Zionist leader who linked the renewal of Hebrew public life with diplomacy for a Jewish national home
In the world of art and Jewish heritage, one name stands as a symbol of creativity and dedication - Ephraim Sidon. Join us as we explore the captivating biography, profound heritage, enduring legacy, and invaluable contributions of Ephraim Sidon to the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
In the annals of Jewish history, certain individuals stand out as beacons of hope, courage, and compassion. Today, we embark on a journey to explore the remarkable life, heritage, enduring legacy, and significant contribution to the Jewish community and heritage of Yigal Sarner.
The Nobel Prize–winning economist who reshaped the study of trade, geography, and financial crises
In this documentary, we explore the inspiring life, rich heritage, lasting legacy, and significant contributions of Joel Marcus to the Jewish community and its enduring heritage.
In this documentary, we delve into the remarkable life, rich heritage, enduring legacy, and the profound contributions of Ron Miberg to the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
In this documentary, we explore the inspiring life, rich heritage, enduring legacy, and profound contributions of Adam Baruch to the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
Historian and writer working at the intersection of ideas, fiction and media
In the tapestry of Jewish history, there are those who emerge as shining examples of inspiration. One such figure is Uzi Ben-Ziman. This documentary explores the life, heritage, and enduring legacy of Uzi Ben-Ziman, and his significant contributions to the Jewish community and heritage.
In the tapestry of Jewish culture and heritage, there are those who dedicate their lives to preserving and sharing the richness of their traditions. This is the story of Doron Rosenblum, whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have become an integral part of the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
In the rich tapestry of Jewish culture and heritage, there are individuals who have dedicated their lives to preserving and enriching their traditions. This is the story of Israel Eichler, whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions are woven into the very fabric of the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
In the vast tapestry of Jewish culture and heritage, there are individuals who dedicate their lives to preserving and celebrating their traditions. This is the story of Urie Orbach, whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
Journalist, editor, author and cultural leader who helped shape Israeli public discourse
Israeli journalist, satirist, author and media figure whose work connected Hebrew culture, Jewish memory and public life
Israeli journalist, editor and media executive who helped shape broadcast news and public discourse
In the realm of Jewish literature, there are publications that stand as beacons, illuminating the path of cultural preservation. This is the story of the Yiddisher Perlag, a literary powerhouse whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have played a central role in preserving and celebrating Jewish literature and heritage.
In the world of journalism, there are those whose work transcends borders and bridges divides. This is the story of Barak Ravid, a journalist whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on journalism and the Jewish community.
Journalist, broadcaster and former IDF Spokesperson who brought national events into human focus
An Israeli journalist and defense analyst who has connected military reporting with the human and civic realities of Israeli life
Israeli editor, journalist, and economic commentator who brought questions of prices, competition, work, and public policy into everyday civic debate
A theatre critic, editor, journalist and translator who shaped Israel’s cultural conversation for more than four decades
In the tapestry of Jewish history, there are those who stand as champions of justice and guardians of heritage. This is the story of Moses Negbi, a distinguished legal scholar whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and its heritage.
An Israeli economist and journalist who made economic policy accessible to the public
An Israeli journalist, publicist, radio host and filmmaker whose direct voice became part of the country’s public conversation
The broadcaster and journalist who made Israeli current affairs part of a daily public conversation
Journalist, editor, author and cultural leader who helped shape Israeli public discourse
Investigative journalist, documentary creator and former Knesset member who advanced transparency and public accountability
In the world of Jewish art and culture, there are individuals whose biographies reflect a deep passion for creativity, a commitment to preserving heritage, and a lasting legacy of cultural enrichment. This is the story of Uzi Ben-Ziman, a visionary artist whose life and work have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community.
Israeli journalist, broadcaster and influential voice in public affairs
A journalist, broadcaster, songwriter and cultural interpreter who helped shape six decades of Israeli public conversation
Israeli journalist, broadcaster and media leader whose work connected political reporting, public broadcasting and Jewish life in North America
In the heart of Jewish history and culture, there are individuals whose lives become a testament to the enduring legacy of their heritage. Udi Alitzur, a man of passion and purpose, dedicated his life to preserving Jewish heritage and forging a legacy that continues to enrich the Jewish community.
An investigative journalist, documentary creator and author who turned complex Israeli affairs into part of the public record
Journalist, author and chronicler of Israel’s intelligence community
In the heart of the Jewish community, one name stands out as a beacon of faith and scholarship – Baruch Kra. His life's journey is a testament to the enduring power of Jewish heritage, and his contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community.
Journalist, editor, broadcaster, and documentarian who brought Israel’s social and geographic periphery into the public conversation
An Israeli journalist and broadcaster who made interviewing a vehicle for public accountability, social visibility and change
In the world of art, there are those whose creative spirit transcends boundaries, telling stories that resonate with the human soul. This is the story of Yafat Galik, an artist whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have enriched the Jewish community and heritage.
In the annals of Jewish history and science, there are those whose lives serve as bridges between the past and the future, between cultures and knowledge. This is the story of Simon Schaffer, a man whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and the world of academia.
In the realm of music and culture, some individuals stand as living testaments to the power of heritage and the enduring legacy of Jewish traditions. This is the story of Ephraim Shalakh, a remarkable figure whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and the world of music.
In the ever-evolving landscape of Jewish journalism, certain individuals emerge as contemporary voices that shape the biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions to the Jewish community. This is the story of Aviad Glickman, a dedicated journalist whose work resonates with Jewish communities worldwide.
In the heart of Israel, a man emerged whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and the nation of Israel. This is the story of Uri Orbach, a true luminary in the world of Israeli politics and Jewish culture.
In the realm of Jewish heritage and legacy, there emerges a figure whose life's work has left an enduring impact on the Jewish community. This is the story of Hagi Segal, a guardian of Jewish heritage and a steadfast advocate for preserving its legacy.
Anat Kam's journey reminds us of the power of one individual's courage to shape the dialogue within the Jewish community and make a lasting impact on its heritage and legacy.
Urie Blau's life serves as a shining example of how one person's dedication can create a lasting legacy, strengthening the Jewish community and enriching its heritage.
Yael Lotan's life serves as a testament to the power of one individual's determination and commitment to make a difference, strengthening the Jewish community and enriching its heritage.
Ari Shavit's life journey reminds us of the richness of Jewish heritage and the significance of open dialogue. His legacy encourages us all to explore our own roots, engage with our community, and embrace the stories that define us. זכה בפרס יאן מיכלסקי לשנת 2015.
In the heart of Jerusalem, a city rich with history and tradition, we uncover the extraordinary life and contributions of Aryeh Avnery, a man whose unwavering dedication to his Jewish heritage left an indelible mark on his community and the world.
In the ever-evolving landscape of Jewish history and culture, there are individuals whose lives defy conventional boundaries, leaving an enigmatic mark on the world. Today, we embark on a journey through the biography, heritage, legacy, and intriguing contributions of a unique figure - Uri Geller. Join us as we explore the life and the indelible impact of a man who bent minds and became a captivating symbol of the extraordina…
Israeli historian and political scientist whose studies of fascism, nationalism, Zionism, and democracy reshaped modern political thought
In the rich tapestry of Jewish history and culture, there are individuals whose lives and contributions stand as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Jewish community. Join us as we embark on a journey through the biography, heritage, legacy, and transformative contributions of Eliezer Galili - a scholar and servant of the Jewish people.
Labor Zionist thinker and institution builder linking work, culture and Jewish memory
In the tapestry of Jewish history, some individuals stand out as beacons of dedication and passion. This is the story of Doron Tzabari, a man whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community.
A lyricist and satirist whose words shaped Israeli song, theatre and collective memory
In the heart of the Jewish community, there are individuals whose life stories illuminate the enduring spirit of the Jewish people. This is the story of Giya Rolnik, a remarkable figure whose biography, heritage, legacy, and contributions have left an indelible mark on the Jewish community and its heritage.
In the tapestry of Jewish heritage and community, there are individuals whose life stories are marked by unwavering dedication to their heritage. Join us as we explore the biography, heritage, legacy, and remarkable contributions of Gil Ohadbski.
In this documentary, we delve into the extraordinary life, rich heritage, lasting legacy, and significant contributions of Shai Golden to the Jewish community and its cultural heritage.
In this documentary, we embark on a journey to explore the remarkable life, deep-rooted heritage, enduring legacy, and invaluable contributions to the Jewish community by Sarah B.Q.
Former Prime Minister of Israel, Leader of the Opposition, founder of Yesh Atid, journalist and author who turned public communication into centrist politics and diplomacy
Orthodox Jewish-American lawyer, author, columnist, host and media entrepreneur, co-founder of The Daily Wire and one of the most prominent conservative voices in American media and public support for Israel
German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist and revolutionary socialist of Jewish descent, co-author of The Communist Manifesto, author of Das Kapital and one of the defining thinkers of modern social, economic and political thought
Jewish underground fighter, Hebrew poet and founder of Lehi, one of the most radical and consequential figures in the struggle against British Mandatory rule in Palestine
Jewish-American legal scholar, attorney, Harvard Law professor emeritus, author and public commentator, one of the best-known American voices on civil liberties, due process and the public defense of Israel
Journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright, diplomat and founder of modern political Zionism, who transformed an ancient Jewish longing into an organized international movement and a political vision that led toward the State of Israel
Israel’s first prime minister, declarer of independence, leader of the Yishuv and Labor Zionism, architect of Israeli statehood and one of the central Jewish figures of the 20th century
Israeli intelligence officer, diplomat, Foreign Ministry director general, author and journalist, whose career linked Mossad service, backchannel diplomacy, foreign policy and regional peace efforts
Henryk Goldszmit, the Polish Jewish pediatrician, educator, writer, publicist and social activist who became a pioneer of children’s rights and democratic education, and a moral symbol when he chose to remain with the children of his orphanage until their murder at Treblinka
Jewish American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize laureate, leader of the Chicago School and major architect of modern debates on money, consumption, inflation, economic freedom and the role of government
Jewish-German poet, writer, essayist and political journalist whose work joined lyric beauty, irony, exile, Jewish memory and modern European criticism
Israeli public-relations, communications and crisis-management figure, founder and chairman of Rahav Communications, Honorary Consul of the Marshall Islands in Israel, and a central force in shaping Israeli public relations
Israeli novelist, essayist, intellectual and teacher whose writing carried Jerusalem, the kibbutz, Jewish family memory and Israel’s inner arguments into world literature
Israeli journalist, commentator, researcher and author whose work on Haredi society, Sephardic Judaism, Mizrahi traditionalism and the idea of a First and Second Israel has shaped national debate
Israeli director, screenwriter, actor, writer, poet and lyricist whose work moved from the heroic Sabra image to popular comedy, intimate drama and a searching re-examination of Israeli society
Israeli actor, singer, entertainer, satirist and radio broadcaster who helped bring Hasidic stories to the modern stage and became a familiar voice in Israeli television, journalism and cultural memory
Political scientist, historian of political thought and Israel Prize laureate whose scholarship reshaped the study of Zionism, Hegel, Marx, Herzl, Moses Hess and the modern Jewish state
Arabist, former intelligence officer, and commentator who brought the political language of the Arab world into Israeli scholarship and public debate
Hebrew essayist, editor and founder of Cultural Zionism who placed language, education, ethics and a Jewish spiritual center at the heart of national revival, shaped modern Hebrew letters and helped define debates over the Technion, Zionism and the cultural purpose of a Jewish homeland
The jurist and statesman who helped shape Israeli law, public institutions, and democratic practice
Intelligence officer, diplomat, defense journalist, and entrepreneur who helped establish the commercial foundations of Israel’s AMOS communications-satellite venture